@ARTICLE{Sikorski2024:i8113,
	author="{Sikorski, Juliusz}",
	title="{Hate speech as a flywheel Russian information warfare. Research reconnaissance}",
	year="2024",
	type="artykuł naukowy",
	language="en",
	journal="{Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa}",
	issn="2543-6961",
	volume="17",
	number="17",
	pages="205--222",
	doi="10.5604/01.3001.0054.9349",
	url="https://studia.administracji.i.bezpieczenstwa.ajp.edu.pl/article/549349/en",
	keywords="hate speech; information warfare; propaganda; disinformation; mowa nienawiści; walka informacyjna; propaganda; dezinformacja",
	abstract="{It is hypothesized that hatred evolutionarily favored survival and defense against strangers, hence its expression is deeply rooted in human nature. This is reflected in contemporary technologically advanced communication, which is saturated with hateful content. Such content intensifies audience engagement and leads to the radicalization of attitudes. The content created in this
manner also serves as a tool for information warfare and poses a threat to security on many levels.
At the forefront of entities utilizing hate speech in their narratives is the Russian Federation. It uses hate speech in propaganda messages to destabilize states perceived as hostile and to achieve its own geopolitical objectives.
In this article, the author analyzes the role of hate speech in Russian information warfare activities. The author posits that hate speech dynamizes these campaigns, demonstrating this through three case studies: “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion”, the “Black Lives Matter” movement, and the war in Ukraine}",
}