@ARTICLE{Lemieszewski2025:i8650,
	author="{Lemieszewski, Łukasz and Puzio, Piotr}",
	title="{Optimization of PID Controller Settings Using the Ziegler–Nichols Method in Pneumatic Pressure Control Systems}",
	year="2025",
	type="artykuł naukowy / referat",
	language="en",
	journal="{Procedia Computer Science}",
	issn="1877-0509",
	number="270",
	pages="5177--5186",
	doi="10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.645",
	url="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050925033186?via%3Dihub",
	keywords="PID controller; Pneumatic systems; Ziegler–Nichols (ZN) method",
	abstract="{The objective of the conducted research was to apply the classical Ziegler–Nichols (ZN) method for optimizing the PID controller
settings in a pneumatic pressure control system. The study included both simulations in the Scilab-Xcos environment and
experiments on a real laboratory test bench. A model of the process was developed in the form of a transfer function of the
controller, based on which the key dynamic parameters were determined: time delay, time constant, and gain. Subsequently,
in accordance with the ZN procedure, the appropriate PID controller settings were calculated. A closed-loop system model was
constructed, and a step response simulation was performed. The obtained results confirm good control quality: no steady-state
error, an overshoot of approximately 10%, and a settling time of about 2.5 seconds. Additionally, the control quality indices were
calculated: IAE = 0.6719 and ISE = 0.1004, which confirm the effectiveness of the ZN method as a tool for the preliminary
optimization of PID controllers in pneumatic applications.}",
}