@ARTICLE{Plecka2025:i9037,
	author="{Plecka, Przemysław and Wysocki, Włodzimierz and Miciuła, Ireneusz}",
	title="{Fuzzy Ontologies in ERP Implementation Cost Estimation – A Literature Review}",
	year="2025",
	type="artykuł naukowy / referat",
	language="en",
	journal="{Procedia Computer Science}",
	issn="1877-0509",
	number="270",
	pages="544--553",
	doi="10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.173",
	url="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050925028431?via%3Dihub",
	keywords="ERP systems; implementation; fuzzy ontology; requirements analysis; AI; LLM",
	abstract="{For many years, estimating the costs of ERP system implementations has remained a significant challenge in IT project
management due to the high degree of uncertainty and complexity inherent in such projects. In recent years, numerous
approaches have been proposed to improve cost estimation accuracy at the early stages of projects, including methods based on
fuzzy ontologies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on fuzzy ontologies (both Type-1
and Type-2) and their applications in the cost estimation of IT projects, with a particular focus on ERP system implementations.
The article discusses key concepts in fuzzy ontology modelling and the development of this field over recent years, as well as
examples of fuzzy ontology implementations in software cost estimation. Alternative approaches to ERP implementation cost
estimation are also presented—ranging from traditional algorithmic models to recently popular artificial intelligence (AI) -based
techniques. Furthermore, the paper introduces available AI tools and techniques that may enhance fuzzy ontologies in this
application domain. In the discussion, a critical comparison is made between the effectiveness of fuzzy ontologies and other AI-
based methods in ERP implementation cost estimation, highlighting their advantages, limitations and potential directions for
future research}",
}