@ARTICLE{Obst2026:i9198,
	author="{Obst, Maciej and Rzepczyk, Szymon and Galiński, Marcin and Kurpisz, Dariusz and Głowiński, Sebastian}",
	title="{Accidents and Infractions in the E-Scooter Era: A User Perspective}",
	year="2026",
	type="artykuł naukowy",
	language="en",
	journal="{Transport samochodowy}",
	issn="1731-2795",
	volume="74",
	number="2",
	pages="1--26",
	doi="10.5604/01.3001.0055.8096",
	url="https://ts.publisherspanel.com/article/558096/en",
	keywords="electronic scooters; accidents; legal regulations; stiffness of the skull bones; bone strain energy",
	abstract="{The increasing popularity of electronic scooters in Poland has become a significant and concerning phenomenon. As a functional mode of transportation, e-scooters are well-suited for urban areas and other settings where appropriate infrastructure ensures safe travel. E-scooter users commonly operate on bicycle paths, sidewalks, local roads, residential areas, and other public thoroughfares. From the perspective of traffic safety, e-scooter riders fall into the category of vulnerable road users, alongside pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. This vulnerability is compounded by risks posed not only to e-scooter users but also to pedestrians
and other road users who may find themselves in conflict with these vehicles. In response to these challenges, legislators in various jurisdictions have established specific rules for e-scooter
use on public roads, accompanied by criminal or administrative penalties for violations. The
data regarding e-scooter accidents used in this study were provided by the General Police
Headquarters of Poland and come from the Road Accident and Collision Recording System,
covering the years from 2022, when authorites in Poland starts reporting such an accidents, to
2023. Drawing on collected data, this study examines the behavior of e-scooter users through
the lens of legal and traffic safety concerns. The analysis highlights research findings on
accidents involving e-scooter riders and addresses the injuries faced by vulnerable road users,
including both those traveling by personal means of transportation and pedestrians}",
}