Title
The digitization of the society of the European Union in 2018 and 2021
Authors
[ 1 ] Wydział Techniczny, Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża | [ P ] employee
Scientific discipline (Law 2.0)
Year of publication
2022
Published in
Article type
scientific article / paper
Publication language
english
Keywords
EN
- informationcommunication technologyk-meanscluster analysisdigital divide
Abstract
EN From year to year, an increase in the availability and use of information and communication technology (ICT) is observed. Therefore, it is important to reduce the imbalance in the use of ICT, which will contribute to the improvement of life and development of the society. The article presents the application of the k-means method to classify European Union (EU) countries in terms of the use of ICT by natural persons living in the EU in 2021 compared to the situation in 2018. The empirical material used in the analyses came from the resources of the European Statistical Office (Eurostat). The obtained results of the classification research of EU member states showed that the awareness of the society as well as knowledge of ICT and digital skills increase every year, however, the dynamics of this growth turned out to be significantly different in terms of territories. Germany turned out to be a surprise, as in 2021, compared to 2018, a significant decrease in all examined ICT indicators was recorded, which resulted in the shift of this country from the first to the third – the weakest class.
Date of online publication
2022
Pages (from - to)
3557 - 3565
License type
CC BY-NC-ND (attribution - noncommercial - no derivatives)
Open Access Mode
open journal
Open Access Text Version
final published version
Release date
09.2022 (Date presumed)
Date of Open Access to the publication
at the time of publication
Ministry points / journal
5
Ministry points / conference (CORE)
70
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